Pat Conroys The Lords Of Discipline Essay -- Lords Discipline Pat Con

Pat Conroys The Lords Of DisciplineConroy displays his life through his novel, The Lords of Discipline, to give readers a visual demonstration of how life connections can transform the entity of a novel. Conroys attendance to the Citadel, his family, and the South helped influence his innovative writing style.A lifetime in a gray family negated any possibility that he Will/Conroy could resign from the school under any conditions other than unequivocal disgrace (6). Conroys family held a strong control over his go out to renounce the hardship of the Citadel. A pervasive admiration for his bewilder runs through the book as he declares her as being one of the main reasons he continues to stay in the Institute, and the one who kept him in line through both his boyhood and his passage to maturity. Her severity was soft, but severity nonetheless the discipl ine of my mother disguised itself in love and tenderness and often held fa...

Personal Narrative- Learning Essay examples -- Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- LearningAs the dull scent of chalk dust mixes imperceptably with the biff of the teachers monotone, I doodle in my tablet to stay awake. I notice vaguely that, despite my best efforts in the shower this morning after practice, I still smell like chlorine. I sigh and wonder why the schools administration requires the students to take a class that, if it were on the Internet, would delight Mirsky (creator of Mirskys Worst of the Web), as yet another addition to his list of worthless sites. Still, there was hope that I would learn something that would make todays first class more than just forty-five wasted minutes... It wouldnt be the first time I learned something new from the least likely place. I have three reasons to continue hoping. They are my neophyte physical science class, the manner in which I came to take calculus in junior year and my experiences with high school swimming. These incidents have, despite the odds against it, added to my sureness in my academic ability and have shown me that there is something to be learned from even the...

HIV / AIDS among Kenyan Youth :: HIV in Africa

In 2001, Sub-Saharan Africa recorded the highest number ofdeaths from HIV/ back up, with 29.4 million plenty living withAIDS 10 million young bulk and 3 million children. Amongthese, 12.2 million were women and 10.1 million men. In 2002,3.5 million new infections were reported. From this backdrop,Kenyans were inter descryed on their perceptions of switch on andcondom use within heterosexual relationships revealing thatdenial and silence played a major role in the escalation of thepandemic while sex activity differences, culture and power wereperceived as negatively impacting negotiation of sex andcondom use within Kenyan communities.Kagutui ka mucie gatihakagwo ageni.(The secrets of ones home ar not to be revealed to strangers)- Gikuyu proverbAIDS was a disease that shines in hush and thrives on secrecy. It wasprospering because people were choosing not to talk about it. It wasthis realization that provoked me to go wider, beyond my personalcircle, beyond the people I worked wi th. The quieter we keep it themore people it will affect and stigmatize, especially while peoplebelieve that AIDS affects some people and not others (Kaleeba 29).This article is based on semi structured interviews with four Kenyan menand women on how they perceive, and bring off sex and condom usewithin heterosexual relationships. It focuses on gender, culture andpower, and how these dynamics are projected, if at all, in participantsnegotiation of sexual relationships within the Kenyan community. Thepurpose of the study is to understand the relationship between gender,power and HIV/AIDS prevention.Sub-Saharan Africa has recently recorded the highest incidences ofdeath from HIV/AIDS with a total of 29.4 million people living with thedisease. Among these, ten million are young people aged fifteen totwenty four while tierce million are children under the age of fifteen. Inthe year 2002, 3.5 million new infections were reported (UNAIDS 2).One reason for this seemingly recent rise in t he number of infectionsis the result of years of denial and silence about the existence ofHIV/AIDS. Recent statistics indicate that Botswanas adult prevalenceSex, HIV/AIDS and Silence45rate for example, has peaked to 38.8 %, Lesotho 31%, Swaziland 33.4%and Zimbabwe 33.7%. In total, Africa experiences 6,000 AIDS relateddeaths per day and Kenya, 18 deaths per hour (UNAIDS 3).Researchers, educators and governments now suggest the need forculturally sensitive knowledge of sexual beliefs and practices as a wayforward to understanding and evaluating patterns of HIV/AIDStransmission in different communities, in view of designing effectiveintervention programs (Lansky 3).This paper focuses on a study of culture and HIV/AIDS, and whateffects gender differences and power might be having on HIV/AIDS

Dear Mama :: Personal Narrative Writing

Dear Mama By the same token I leave you,I leave myself (with you)Wong May, Dear Mama Wong May, poet extraordinaire, transnational writer, post-colonial female subject, unphotographed, however reviewed, past unknown, present undocumented, and for in all intents and purposes disappeared after 1978 somewhere in Western Europe. Things I do know nearly her, mostly from an entry found in Contemporary Poets, edited by Thomas Riggs She is Chinese by birth, born November 16, 1944 in Chungking, China. She is/was/is not anymore a Singaporean citizen. 1965, Bachelor of Arts grad in English Literature, University of Singapore 1968, Master of Fine Arts, University of Iowa, 1969, first book of poetry A Bad Girls Book of Animals published by Harcourt, Brace and Jovanich while working as Assistant Editor for United Business Publications. This is her only documented professional appointment. 1972, second book Reports. 1975, she is translated into German and receives a German Academic Exchang e Service fellowship (Deutsch Akademisch Austauch Dienst). 1973, marries a certain Michael Coey, who is referred to as a travelling companion in her last and final book, 1978 Superstitions. With all this information, she fills one page of my notebook. Then she disappears. Or rather, in the spaces between her poetry, she was never there in the first place. My obsession is with her absence, her absence in reviews, her absence in critical studies, her absence in official conversations about Singaporean poetry. On the inner book sleeve of her second book her quote reads, My poems are about wordlessness...So I decide I want to write about her, a substitution for composition to her, because it is to her that I would rather write. But since there is no way of doing this, I pick the second best, I write, I investigate, I fixate.The last lines of her last book read, O Travellers, travelling anywhere the world is stunning Our windows get dirty Her books are all dedicated to her mother, D EAR MAMA, To My Mother, To my mother. Her poems are the only chronicles I have of her life. In the second book we learn that she started writing it in the winter of 1968 in New York and finished it in Winnipeg in September 1971. Her third book is begun in Berlin that same year and finishes in France, in between she continues in Hebrides, Singapore, Steglitz, Meylan, Budapest, Iona, Cracow, Prague, Poland, Malaysia, Paris.

The Battle of Bunker Hill Essay -- War, Power, Turmoil

Taking place in 1775, at the start of the Revolutionary War, the dispute of hole Hill was a needed victory early in the struggle to get the soldiers to believe in themselves. Many soldiers in the beginning of the war did not believe that the lowly colonists could defeat and declare independence from a superpower Britain. Although outnumbered and with little confidence, the continental army stood their ground at the Battle of Bunker Hill and proved that they could win the war.The colonies were in a state of turmoil. They had to pay extravagant taxes, but they also were not counted as Britains people. The colonies tried to pose peace with documents such as the Olive Branch Petition, but were refused many times. So after many attempts at peace and tolerating many unfair taxations confident(p) having to house British soldiers without having a voice, the colonists rendezvous at the 2nd Continental Congress debated whether or not to attack the British Redcoats they were sick and ti red of having to expect this tyranny. In the 1st Continental Congress, the leaders of the colonies, minus Georgia, met at Carpenters Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in response to the Intolerable Acts passed because of the Boston Tea Party. The outcome was for peace, and so, female monarch George was offered an olive branch. King George refused the proposal and the colonists became angry. On April 19 of 1775, the colonists minutemen and the redcoats, which were soldiers on the British side, clashed at Lexington and Concord. The first bullet fired was The shot heard around the world. The war had begun. On May 10, Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys seize Fort Ticonderoga. Then after the Second Continental Congress on the same day, George Washington, the new... ...nd and stood up to the overflowing might of the British army and caused them severe casualties, the British finally acknowledged them and declared a full-out war. In the beginning, most colonists didnt want to fig ht collectible to this battle, they were ready. They were ready to win the war and gain what they wanted the most independence and a voice.Works CitedBattle of Bunker Hill Begins. History.com. A&E goggle box Networks, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. .11d. Bunker Hill. Bunker Hill ushistory.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. .Deverell, William and Deborah Gray White. United States History. Orlando Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006.Englar, Mary. The Battle of Bunker Hill. Minneapolis, MN Compass Point, 2007.

The Battle of Bunker Hill Essay -- War, Power, Turmoil

Taking place in 1775, at the start of the radical War, the contend of Bunker Hill was a needed victory early in the war to get the soldiers to believe in themselves. Many soldiers in the showtime of the war did not believe that the lowly colonists could defeat and declare independence from a superpower Britain. Although outnumbered and with little confidence, the continental army stood their ground at the Battle of Bunker Hill and proved that they could win the war.The colonies were in a state of turmoil. They had to pay extravagant taxes, but they also were not counted as Britains people. The colonies tried to obtain peace with documents such as the Olive Branch Petition, but were refused many times. So after many attempts at peace and tolerating many inequitable taxations plus having to house British soldiers without having a voice, the colonists rendezvous at the 2nd Continental Congress debated whether or not to attack the British Redcoats they were sick and devolve of hav ing to tolerate this tyranny. In the 1st Continental Congress, the leaders of the colonies, minus Georgia, met at Carpenters Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in response to the Intolerable Acts passed because of the Boston Tea Party. The outgrowth was for peace, and so, King George was offered an olive branch. King George refused the proposal and the colonists became angry. On April 19 of 1775, the colonists minutemen and the redcoats, which were soldiers on the British side, clashed at Lexington and Concord. The first bullet fired was The shot heard round the world. The war had begun. On May 10, Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys seize Fort Ticonderoga. Then after the Second Continental Congress on the same day, George Washington, the new... ...nd and stood up to the full might of the British army and caused them severe casualties, the British finally acknowledged them and declared a full-out war. In the beginning, most colonists didnt want to advertize due to this battl e, they were ready. They were ready to win the war and gain what they wanted the most independence and a voice.Works CitedBattle of Bunker Hill Begins. History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. .11d. Bunker Hill. Bunker Hill ushistory.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. .Deverell, William and Deborah Gray White. United States History. Orlando Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006.Englar, Mary. The Battle of Bunker Hill. Minneapolis, MN Compass Point, 2007.

Motivational Factor at Tesco Essay

These theories concentrate of the benefits and importance of motivation, however enquiryer found it necessary for this research to consider that as it is mentioned by Vercueil, 2001 incorrectly implemented motivation management causes a harmful affect on the employees. Watt, 1998 refers to Anon saying that in the bypast motivation could be identifies as a way to make people want what we want and differs it from manipulation that makes individuals do what we want. However today as it mentioned by Bruce and Pepitone, 1999 modern employees are much more sophisticated and are in search for a greater rejoicing from the job they are doing.Artificial quit or silver alone are nor enough. Therefore modern organisations need to learn and understand human nature as it indicates why people in these case employees behave in a particular manner. Managers need to motivate the employee leading to a grater employmenting performances and mainly managers have to understand their employees needs an d their brio organization in order to meet the employees expectations and motivate ones performance more goodly. Staff retention is a significant element of every successful business.It is characterized by the employees desire to sustain in the organization and continuing contribution to the business. In times of economic crisis more and more individuals have to stay at their jobs however if conditions are not favorable due to a risk of being unable to provide for a family. However more and more individuals are rearing the importance of staff motivation management. Organizations today have realized that a modern employee needs to be rightly motivated and encouraged, not only money wise, to ensure staff retention.Motivation is a force that stimulates people to perform an action. Therefore motivation is a force which compel people go to their work every day and that is why people bring improvement in themselves to satisfy the desire of becoming or accomplishing what they have set out to experience or accomplish in their life. More over with motivation any complicated situation can be converted into a simple and larn experience. In his research Watt, 2003 also states that managers must understand that individuals want to be treated fairly and have equal opportunities to advance.He highlights the problem of motivation today. a lot organizations do not recognize that the motivation management requires different approaches depending on the industry sectors. The problem of motivation and staff performance as it is stated by Green et al, 1999 might stay undetected, hidden and unresolved by the managers. Therefore managers often dont realize that it is important not only to collecting to the individuals intellect but to their hearts as well. Green et all, 1999 also identifies three main problems for motivation Lack of confidence Lack of self-assurance Lack of satisfaction Well designed and implemented motivation strategy leads to employees retention therefor e employees loyalty. Loyalty is a significant and live part of any organization. As it is mentioned by Daft and Marcic, 2011 management should learn to allow all it s employees make a contribution and use its talents and likely in order to progress and improve their skills. This sort of motivation creates employees retention and ensures ones constant grow and contribution to the company. TK MAXX has a well developed reward and tuition management.Organization believes that its people should be growing as well as the business. From the first time the employee joins the company organization provides a comprehensive induction programs and ensures that whether it is roughly moving up the career ladder, learning and development of new skills or gaining experience working in different countries there are plenty of addressable opportunities for the employees. Company has a strong rewards and benefits system, pension scheme, holidays, private healthcare and voluntary benefits as a part of its employee motivation and ensures of employees happiness and satisfaction.All this provides companies growth and efficient performances with a high rate of employees retention. Researcher believes that T. K. grievous bodily harm is a real example of a right motivation management. Organization aims at ensuring satisfaction of its employees and at the same time ensures a solid growth and development for the business. Therefore the researcher wanted to examine the motivation strategies used by T. K. exclusive and analyze its effect on the employees. 1. 3. The Company Background The organization that we have chosen for our research is one of the most successful retailers in the market today. T. K.Max management in the Uxbridge branch were excited and happy to participate in our research and granted us with a permission to use the organizations name in this investigation. T-K Maxx is a chain of clothing and accessories stores. The company was launched in 1994. It is a subsidiary o f TJX Companies Inc. (TJXtra, JUNE 2010) TK MAXX always aimed to deliver frequently changing and best calibre products at a price which is 20-60% less than other department and specialty stores regular prices. TK MAXX has label of Always up to 60% less and has target customers who is tenderness to upper-middle income shopper.But simultaneously who are fashion and value conscious. T. K. MAXX is nowadays 7th largest fashion retailer in the U. K. It introduced the off price concept in the UK and it is now the only major off-price retailer in Europe. It was operating in UK and Ireland. Later on T. K. Maxx opened first stores in Germany in 2007 and also entered in Poland in 2009 (TJXtra, JUNE 2010) The reason why we the researcher choose TK-Maxx as an organization is its market share and the enormous global scale that its operate. Having its unique position in UK market T. K.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essay

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born to James and Sara Roosevelt on January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, fresh York. His father was a prominent land owner and a businessman with a large amount of wealth. His mother came from a prosperous family and was known for her aristocratic manner and her independence. Franklin D. Roosevelt was his parents further child and they spoiled him very much. The Roosevelts lived in a large estate with many workers attending to the farm.Franklin D. Roosevelt was home school until he was a teenager. Once 14, his parents move him to the Groton School. The Groton School was a school for private education offered only to the sons of the most wealthiest and powerful in America. Roosevelt was not very athletic or best-selling(predicate) heretofore he did try to become more athletic as he progresses in years at Groton. After graduating high school, Franklin decided to attend Harvard College in 1900 and graduated in 1903. While he was at Harvard, Franklin officiall y stated himself a Democrat. He too went on to attend Columbia Law School, although he was not that interested in studying law.Roosevelt political life was constantly growing during its life time. Roosevelt political life all began in the state senate from Duchess County, New York. Although it was dominated by Republicans and Roosevelt being Democrat he won the race with nearly over a thousand of votes. In the state senate, Roosevelt was an pleader for the farmers in his region. In 1912, when re-elections were held, Roosevelt was re-elected to the state senate. He would later fashion a relationship with Louis Howe, who would be his chief political adviser in the near future. In 1914, Roosevelt attempt to win the Democratic nomination for a New York seat open in the U.S. Senate.Although he failed at the task, he did learn that any feuds he had he would have to mend if he wanted his political biography to survive. Roosevelt than went on to become the governor of New York, but a sn ag occurred in his career collectible to the Great Depression. He believed in procreation and kept working to finding solutions while hot seat Hoover was losing favor with the American people. Franklin Roosevelt was in a prime position now to run for the presidency.Franklin Roosevelt ran against President Herbert Hoover for the presidency in 1932. Franklin Roosevelt won the election by a landslide in the popular and Electoral College votes. He ran again in 1936 against Alfred Landon and won once again. In the election of 1940, Roosevelt ran against Wendell L. Willkie who was a true Democrat at heart. In Roosevelts demise bid for presidency in 1944 he ran against Republican nominated Thomas Dewey. He beat him with no competition with majority of popular and Electoral College votes. Democrats also had a majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. This made his first term real easy to make changes to the government swiftly. His vice presidents were John Garner, ent halpy Wallace, and Harry Truman. He was elected to four terms which lasted from 1932-1945.Roosevelt had many domestic affairs task to complete while he was in office. His first repugn would be to rescue the country out of the worst depression in history. Many Americans lost their jobs, savings, and bank failures occurred in 1933. Roosevelt rescued the nation through his divers(a) New Deal policies. The First New Deal took affect soon as Roosevelt became president in 1932. Congress and Roosevelt worked together diligently to pass bills that were presuppose to end the economic trouble of America. The First New Deal stabilized Americas financial system, provided dish up to the citizens without jobs, and restarted the capitalist economy.In addition to fix the economy, Roosevelt had another immediate task he had to solve which was stabilizing the nations banking system. On March 6, he declared a bank vacation which stopped people from withdrawing their money from the banks. Roosevel t called Congress into an emergency session where they enacted on his banking proposal. The new act would allow the federal government to inspect and re-open banks that could be let off and close the banks that were damaged. On March 12, Roosevelt went on the radio to speak to the citizens to inform them of his plan, encourage them to put their money back into the banks, and promise them that their money would be safe. deep down a few weeks people were putting their money back into the bank and he had succeeded in gaining back Americas trust.In the financial sector he established numerous laws that stockbrokers and investors had to comply by to reduce commercial banks from engaging in investment banking. The Securities Act required corporations to release accurate culture about the stocks to investors. The Glass-Steagall Act insured the savings of citizens and prevented banks from using citizens money in investment banking. The Federal Housing Administration allowed for many Ame ricans to buy homes or speed their homes. Roosevelt had succeeded in reviving the nations economy.Roosevelt dealt with extraneous affairs during his presidency except most of his jobs revolved around the Great Depression. Roosevelt believed the depression was a problem that America had created and didnt want the help of any other county. By removing the United States from the international gold standard, he made the economy worse by trying to inflate the currency to give money to the poor farmers. Roosevelt however fixed his mistake and began to work with England and France to stabilize the international economic system.In 1934, Roosevelt won the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act which allowed the U.S. to grant most favored nation status to countries America traded with. In 1933, he also changed the relationship with the Soviet Union Roosevelt established official ties between the two nations. Roosevelt wanted to improve relations and expand America trade opportuniti es with the Soviet Union. One of the best foreign policies was his good neighbor policy to the Latin American countries and other countries in the western hemisphere. Roosevelt in foreign affairs did very well for the country and attempt to keep the peace and fix the economic woes the nation was facing.Roosevelt appointed eight Justices, Hugo Black, Stanley Forman Reed, Felix Frankfurther, William O. Douglas, Frank Murphy, James F. Byrnes, Robert H. Jackson, and Wiley Blount Rutledge, to the Supreme Court. The Great War had its origin in atomic number 63 and was growing quickly however the United States decided to remain neutral through the beginning of the war. Congress passed many bills to ensure that the U.S. didnt become obscure in the war. On September 1, 1939 World War II had began. France, Britain, and soon the United States became allies and lacquer, Germany, and Italy were allies. Roosevelt wanted to help his counterparts but his hands were tied with the neutrality Act. Ties between the U.S. and Japan were becoming toxic due to the U.S. giving small aid to China.War came for the United Stated unexpectedly on December 7, 1941 when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor naval base. Congress declared war on Japan on December 8 and three days later Italy and Germany declared war on the United States. America finally had entered World War II. America had many successful wins such as the liberation of Paris in 1944, commonly known as D-Day. The Allies were closing in Germany and the war was coming to a close with the victory near for the Allies, but Roosevelt dies before he could see the victory.During his presidency, Roosevelt was married to his cousin Eleanor Anna Roosevelt. They married on March 17, 1905 and they had six children, but one died in its infancy. His son James joined the Marine, his other two sons, John and Franklin, joined the navy, and his third son joined the Air Force. The First Lady did tasks such as support the New Deal Policies of the presiden t and became an advocate for the civil rights. She traveled around to make sure that things were going as plan with her husbands policies. Eleanor and Roosevelt had a political relationship more than a political relationship. Eleanor had found out about an affair Franklin was having with her secretary and offered him a divorce in the early years of their marriage. Although the two didnt divorce due to political reasons, they never regained their intimacy back in their relationship. As a result, Roosevelt continued to have affairs with various women.Unfortunately, President Roosevelt wasnt adequate to(p) to wrap up his fourth term because he died of a cerebral hemorrhage. His Vice-President Harry Truman became president after his death on April 12, 1945. Roosevelt died n April 12, 1945 in Warm Springs, Georgia. The legacy of President Roosevelt is by far one of the greatest. He was the only president to serve four terms and he accomplished more than all his predecessors in the pur eness House. He was able to recover the nations economy during the Great Depression and contribute to the U.S. victory in World War II. FDR is ranked as one of the nations greatest president. He connected with the American people and did everything in his power to ensure success came of the government. He set a new bar of expectation of the future generations of presidents.I personally rank President Roosevelt as one of the nations greatest president. He was able to pull the U.S. out of the Great Depression something that previous presidents could not accomplish. He also made policies that are still in effect today that help shape the finance of the U.S. which is important. I think every president can look at what President Roosevelt did and take something from his twelve years in office. He really cared for the American people and pushed for a good economy and keeping the peace.Work CitiedLeuchtenburg, William E., ed. American PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945).Millercenter .org. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.Roberts, Jeremy. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Learner Publications Company, 2003. Print.

Would a common definition of terrorism have helped to combat terrorism in the Arab uprising in relation to Syria?

Abstr toyThere is some(prenominal) catchyy when it comes to establishing what a terrorist actually is because of the lack of description that exists on an international level. The difference between a terrorist and a freedom fighter cannot easily be identified as a result of this, which stay freshs the state of war on Terror from being adequately dealt with. Nevertheless, it is questionable whether a definition would prove effective given that different interpretations of act of act of terrorism exist amongst the international community.IntroductionThe definition of terrorism has been subject to much contr oversy over the years because of the different interpretations that exist. Accordingly, terrorism is viewed differently by governmental agencies and under various legal systems. It is has been argued that because of the conflictions that exist within this bea, a common definition of terrorism indispensablenesss to be adopted by the international community (Sorel, 2003). terrorist act occurs on an international level and unless consensus exists within this area, tighties testament continue to ensue when try to combat terrorism. It would be highly beneficial if a widely distributed definition was employed as there would be much more consistency and terrorist acts would be more easily identified (Webster, 2011). Terrorism has been defined by Hoffman as the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the flagellum of violence in the pursuit of political change (1998 32). Terrorism is present whenever there is the threat of violence or violence itself which is intended to have corporal and emotional effects upon victims. It has also been suggested that terrorists seek to obtain the leverage, influence and power they otherwise lack to effect political change on either a local or an international scale (Hoffman, 1998 32). Despite these interpretations, it is still extremely difficult to determine whether a person is committing an act of terrorism. This essay will watch in light of this whether a common definition of terrorism have championed to combat terrorism in the Arab uprising in sexual congress to Syria.Defining TerrorismConsequently, terrorists are capable of being mistaken for freedom fighters who merely seek to achieve political freedom by taking part in a resistance movement against an oppressive political or social establishment (Webster, 2011 1). Freedom fighters include the likes of the South African Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) and the Irish Republican Army (IRA) who were both labelled freedom fighters on the basis that they fought against national governments for freedom (Webster, 2011). There is, nonetheless, a fine line between terrorists and freedom fighters because of the fact that they both act in a similar manner and so it is imperative that a distinction can be make between the two (Raport, 2013). Gioia (2006) further notes that this is difficult to achieve in practice and terrorists a re capable of escaping liability on the grounds that they are freedom fighters. Whilst one jurisdiction may consider a person a terrorist other jurisdiction may consider the same person a freedom fighter. It has thus been argued that one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter (Buchanan, 2004 1). This makes it extremely difficult to remain consistent within this area of the law and highlights the need for a universal definition of terrorism. As put by Rosand the General Assemblys inability to come to agreement on a definition of terrorism after around thirty-five years of discussions in one form or another has limited the impact of its counterterrorism efforts (2006 399).Terrorism and SyriaConflictions will continue to exist unless a universal definition is adopted and terrorism will remain difficult to combat. This has been exemplified by the Arab uprising in relation to Syria since the Syrian Arab Republic has been considered both a victim of terrorism as well as a perpe trator. The Syrian government has thus been accused by the US State Department and George W. Bush of sponsoring acts of terrorism for organisations like Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Popular Struggle Front (Diane, 1995 19). However, because of the uncertainty surrounding the definition of terrorism it has proven very difficult for the Syrian government to be properly sanctioned. As argued by Rapport the elusion of Syria illustrates how the concept of state-sponsored terrorism, and evidence for it, lacks clarity and is used politically (2013 238). It was demonstrated by officials of the joined States that whilst the actions of the Syrian government were much more professional and deadly than Libyas, the evidence that links Syria to direct acts of violence is murky (New York Times, 1986 1). Despite these uncertainties, the US government continues to declare lists of the number of terrorists incidents that have occurred in Syria (National Consortium for the Study of Terror ism and Responses to Terrorism, 2013 4). However, because Syria has continued to support the US and other governments in their opposition to the al-Qaeda, there has been a faltering to name Syria as a sponsor state (Diaz-Paniagua, 2008).It has been said that this is the result of a necessity to obtain the assistance of Syria when negotiating the release of British, US and French citizens that are being held hostage in the Middle East (Dettmer, 2014 1). Syria is thereby a vital component for the establishment of peace within this area, which is why it has proven difficult to combat terrorism in Syria. It is clear from these findings that there is sufficient evidence to name Syria as a terrorist sponsor, yet because of Syrias political connections there has been a refusal to do so. Arguably, a common definition of terrorism would therefore have done nothing to prevent the terrorist actions from being conducted in the Arab uprising in relation to Syria since there is a political reluc tance to name Syria as a terrorist sponsor. It has been noted in view of this that it would be naive to think that there are laws in war (Al-Saadi, 2013 1), which is certainly true here. Although a common definition would be better overall in providing certainty, it is questionable whether it would in fact help to combat terrorism. Furthermore, because of the fact that different states view terrorism differently, a common definition would restrict the ability of states to identify terrorism on a case by case basis. This was identified by Sorel when it was pointed out that the problem facing a global definition is the difficulty in taking account of supernumerary circumstances according to the type of action connected, the nature of the victims or the type of method of the terrorist action (2003 365).Consideration as to whether a definition is needed was made by the Security Council in September 2001 during the adoption of Resolution 1373 and it was concluded that one shouldnt try to define terrorism in order to reach a quick agreement to do so runs the risk of getting into deeper and deeper water (2001 1). This signifies that because terrorism acts are so wide-ranging, it would be difficult to incorporate a definition that would be able to comprehend every single act of terrorism. Flexibility is therefore vital within this area, yet because of the confusions that arise when trying to fare between a terrorist and a freedom fighter, it is necessary to have some conformity. This was identified by Saul who stated that there is a need to reprobate violations to Human rights, to protect the state and deliberative politics, to differentiate public and private violence, and to ensure international peace and security (2008 1). It is un credibly that these objectives can be achieved without a common definition since it is necessary that terrorist actions can be identified and distinguished against the actions of a freedom fighter (Diaz-Paniagua, 2008 47). It remains arguable whether a definition would in fact be workable given the reluctance to name Syria as a sponsor of terrorism and some have suggested to define terrorism would prevent a sectoral approach towards terrorism to be employed.As put forward by Gioia a definition would only be necessary if the punishment of the relevant offences were made conditional on the existence of a specific terrorist intent (2006 4). Many would in fact disagree with this statement on the basis that much of the complexity that exists when trying to combat terrorism is the result of the lack of consensus within this area. Hence, the current approach that is being employed by the international community does not appear satisfactory and attempts to clarify the meaning of terrorism are continuously being made. An example of this can be seen in relation to the definition that was provided by the League of Nations Convention of 1937 under Article 1.1. Under this definition an act of terrorism was described as a c riminal act directed against a State and intended or calculated to create a state of terror in the minds of particular persons or a group of persons or the ordinary public. The United Nations General Assembly also provided under Article 2.1 of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism that a terrorist is defined as someone who causes death or serious bodily injury serious damage to public or private property or damage to property, places, facilities, or systems likely to result in major economic loss (2002 1). Effectively, it is evident that attempts to define terrorism have and will continue to be made, yet whether there will ever be complete consensus in this area is doubtful and it cannot be said that a definition would have helped to combat terrorism that is being committed by Syria.ConclusionOverall, whilst it is clear that a definition of terrorism is needed in order to provide clarity within this area, it cannot be said that a common definition would have help ed to combat terrorism in the Arab uprising in relation to Syria. This is due to the political reluctance to name Syria as a sponsor of terrorism regardless of the evidence to the contrary. Furthermore, it has also been suggested that flexibility needs to remain in this area so that terrorism can be unconquerable on a sectoral basis. Hence, not every country will view terrorist actions the same and so a determination will need to be establish on a case by case basis in order to prevent confliction. Regardless of this, there is still a pressing need to provide some conformity within this area, which is why the international community have made great attempts to provide a universal definition.ReferencesAl-Saadi, Y. (2013) The Rise of the Arab War on Terror Discourse, Online, obtainable http//muftah.org/the-rise-of-the-arab-war-on-terror-discourse/ 26 March 2014.Buchanan, P. J. Terrorists and Freedom belligerents? AntiWar, Online, Available http//antiwar.com/pat/?articleid=2141 26 March 2014.Dettmer, J. (2014) Holding Aid Hostage Syria, Middle East Institute, Online, Available http//www.mei.edu/content/holding-aid-hostage-syria 26 March 2014.Diaz-Paniagua, C.F. (2008) Negotiating Terrorism The Negotiation Dynamics of Four UN Counter-Terrorism Treaties 1997-2005, City University of New York.Diane Publishing. (1995) Patterns of Global Terrorism, Diane Publishing.Gioia, A. (2006) The UN Conventions on the Prevention and Suppression of International Terrorism in Nesi, G. International Co-operation in Counter-Terrorism The United Nations and Regional Organisations in the Fight Against Terrorism.Hoffman, B. (1998) Inside Terrorism, Columbia University Press.National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. (2013) Annex of Statistical nurture Country themes on Terrorism, Online, Available http//www.state.gov/documents/organization/210288.pdf 27 March 2014.Raport, D. C. (2013) Inside Terrorist Organisations, Routledge.Rosand, E. (2006) The UN-Led Multilateral Institutional Response to Jihadist Terrorism Is a Global Counterterrorism Body Needed, journal of Conflict and Security Law, C&S Law 2006 11 (399), Issue 3.Saul, B. (2008) Defining Terrorism to Protect Human Rights, Sydney Law School Legal Studies, seek Paper No 08-125.Security Council. (2001) Le Terrorisme est un totalitarisme, Le Monde.Sorel, J. (2003) Some Questions About the Definition of Terrorism and the Fight Against Its Financing, European Journal of International Law, EJIL 2003 14 (365), Issue 2.The New York Times. (1986) Evidence of Syrian Link to Terror still Murky, Online, Available http//www.nytimes.com/1986/06/10/world/evidence-of-syrian-link-to-terror-still-murky.html 26 March 2014.United Nations General Assembly. (2002) Report of the Ad Hoc Committee established by General Assembly Resolution 51/210 of 17 December 1996, Sixth Session, Annex II, art 2.1.Webster, M. (2011) Freedom Fighter, An Encyclopaedia Britannica Company, Online, Available htt p//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/freedom%20fighter 26 March 2014.

Midterm Exam Business Valuation and Stock Valuation Essay

It is generally more expensive to form a proprietorship than a corporation because, with a proprietorship, extensive legal documents are needful. (b) Corporations face few regulations than sole proprietorships. (c) One disadvantage of operating a business as a sole proprietorship is that the firm is subject to double taxation, at both the firm level and the owner level. (d) One advantage of forming a corporation is that equity investors are usually exposed to less liability than in a regular partnership.If a regular partnership goes bankrupt, each partner is exposed to liabilities only up to the amount of his or her investment in the business. (2) (TCO G) A earnest analyst obtained the following information from Prestopino Products financial statements Retained earnings at the end of 2009 were $700,000, but retained earnings at the end of 2010 had declined to $320,000. The company does non pay dividends. The companys depreciation expense is its only non- bullion expense it has no amortization charges. The company has no non-cash revenues.The companys net cash flow (NCF) for 2010 was $150,000. On the basis of this information, which of the following statements is CORRECT? (Points 10) (a) Prestopino had negative net income in 2010. ( b ) Prestopinos depreciation expense in 2010 was less than $150,000. (c) Prestopino had lordly net income in 2010, but its income was less than its 2009 income. (d) Prestopinos NCF in 2010 must be higher than its NCF in 2009. (e) Prestopinos cash on the balance weather sheet at the end of 2010 must be lower than the cash it had on the balance sheet at the end of 2009.Which of the following is most likely to expire? (Points 10) (a) The required rate of return for an average stock will accession by an amount equal to the increase in the market risk premium. (b) The required rate of return will decline for stocks whose betas are less than 1. 0. (c) The required rate of return on the market, rM, will not change as a result o f these changes. (d) The required rate of return for each individual stock in the market will increase by an amount equal to the increase in the market risk premium. (e) The required rate of return on a riskless bond will decline.

Labor Market Trends

Most of the sparing analysts argue that turn of the persistence food commercialise mountain be characterized as a dynamic one, meaning on a constant change, and its dynamism can be attributed to the changing economic performance of the market and nearly other factors that imposes an effect to the take market. During the time when the economy is in good or bad condition, the behavior of the assiduity market is very antithetical on every scenario.By understanding the trend of the labor force would mean, for the policy makers, having the capacity of predict the level and skills of the labor force that go out be available in the economy and on how they will utilize its number to attain the societal goal as a whole. An economy having a unembellished or a deficit of laborers would certainly bring costs and benefits. This is the reason why the labor market trends should be monitored form time to time. Factors alludeing the labor market pattern should also be considered. Techn ology, brass policy and the like must also be included into attention for it imposes either direct and/or indirect effects to the labor market trends.In the technological world that we ar direct living, it is ordinary for the economy to get hold of for tonic skills, job opportunities and new line of labor in high society to suffice the need of the modern kind of living. With the complexity of the economy as time goes by, the policy makers has to monitor the demand and supply of low skilled and high skilled workers to entertain the welfare of the majority while maximizing the profitability of the economy as a whole.As for the companies that plan to hire workers, it is necessary for them to understand the trend in the labor market for them to determine the level of nurture the available worker has and to set their standards ground from the given information (Marcotte, 1991).This paper aims to discuss the up-to-date labor trend such as the trends for new jobs and its relation ship to career development by relating an oblige about labor market trend to the existing one.Labor grocery TrendEmployment rate, wage rate, growth rate of the industries and the required level of education for an individual to have a work are just a few of the factors that should be considered in identifying the current trend in the labor market. jibe to the article of Fix, he talked about the reason of the increase in the demand for the laborers in the late 1990s due to the sustainable growth in the US and globalization in the economy that even the low skilled workers and single mothers are hired to suffice the demand for the laborers. With this we can see that economic forces affect the trend in the labor market.The higher the investments in economy, the greater the number of possible job opportunity for that certain employment line. One example to this is the current high demand of the nurses in many parts of the world, because of this most of the undergraduate students tend to study nursing in order to have a bankrupt career, get a better salary and so forth. It is understood that if a certain job line is in demand, there would be always a high wage rate, lot of benefits and nice employment terms and agreement. This is what has been the behavior of the students when choosing their undergraduate courses (Amirault, 1990).Government policies also play a vital role in affecting the trend in the labor market. Those job lines that have greater benefits compared to the others as mandated by the law would surely gain higher demand from the laborers (International-Labour-Organization, 2000). The government must also monitor their minimum wage rate to prevent their workers to migrate abroad. Migration of the skilled workers would greatly affect the economic performance of the country for it makes the country to have fewer workers in performing various economic roles. Wage rate must be set in balance in order to attract the workers to stay and work in the domes tic market (Fix, 2002).The booming of a certain industry would also affect the current trend in the labor market for it attracts laborers to apply into that industry (Fix, 2002). One example into this is the impressive growth of the cellular phone industry in the south-east Asia and because of this, the tendency of the labor pool is to have a vocational course on electronics since there is a great demand for the said line of job. Cellular phone technicians also became in demand in the economy.Effects of the Globalization to Labor Market TrendGlobalization has already been attributed to various negative effects that developed countries now experiencing. One of the main arguments of the analysts is that under globalization, multinational locoweeds are exporting laborers from the developed to developing countries through the aid of the foreign direct investments (International-Labour-Organization, 2000). When a certain corporation made its investment abroad, it brings with them some o f the top skilled workers to supervise the operation of the new company branch in another country.In this case, all the skills of the merchandise laborers will benefit the country where the capitals are invested. And not only that, the host country could also benefit from the additional job opportunity that the company will offer to the labor market. Under the trade liberalization, the government is giving the consumers pieces of advice to prefer more the goods produced from abroad than with the locally produced one (International-Labour-Organization, 2000).With this, the local industry will disclose it hard to compete with the imported goods in terms of price and quality, therefore, harming the laborer since there is a possibility for them to be laid off to cut product costs on the part of the local industry. The increasing use of machineries and other advanced technological process to speed up the production made some laborers to loose their jobs since company owners prefer the most the machineries over the human labor for the former is more effective and efficient in working.Industries became more and more unaffiliated to technology in making their products produce faster and of great volume according to the International Labour Organization. It is therefore crucial for the government to regulate and protect the welfare of those laborers that might get harmed by their actions.ConclusionBased from the above statements and facts, we can clearly see that economic growth imposes negative effects to the trend in the labor market. The importation of the skilled workers leaves the importing country with less competitive laborers while letting the other countries to gain the benefits that are supposedly for the economy of the host country and the preference of the imported goods than with the locally produced, harms not only the industry but also the laborers, for they could suffer from a decrease in their salary, or worse, loss their jobs.The behavior of the students in choosing a course also affects the future trend in the labor market. The number of demands for every job line serves as an attraction to the students. This would later on makes the supply of laborers on other job lines to turn down. The imbalance in the supply of the laborers in the economy could cause market turmoil and this should be prevented by the government to happen. The wage rate of the laborers especially the low profiled one must be monitored and evaluated often to ensure the welfare of those who are in need.As we all know, they compose the majority of the number of available workers in the market and by protecting their welfare would mean preserving the good working relationship of the workers and the market. Today labor unions play and have power to fight for the stake of the laborers in the economy and having trouble with them can greatly affect the economic performance of the country. A day mass demonstrations and strikes of the laborers could cause the los s of millions of dollars in terms of production of nay industry.The importance of understanding the trend in the labor market would really help every sector in the economy.REFERENCESAmirault, T. A. (1990). Labor market trends for new college graduates Electronic Version. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1155/is_n3_v34/ai_9325762.Fix, D. S. N. a. M. (2002). Economic and Labor Market Trends Electronic Version. Retrieved June 15, 2007.International-Labour-Organization. (2000). Labour Market Trends and Globalizations Impact on Them Electronic Version. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http//www.itcilo.it/actrav/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/seura/mains.htm.Marcotte, D. E. (1991). Learning in the Labor Market The Changing Importance of Education and Training After Formal Schooling Ends Electronic Version. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http//ncrve.berkeley.edu/Summaries/1275sum.html.

Christian Perspective on Counseling Essay

This is a single(a)ized surmisal paper which focuses on the Christian perspective it involves the integration of faith and scripture into the personal steering outgrowth. It discusses personality structures, individual take issueences and the motivations that pack and push the human person. Included is a contextual definition of health and the factors that cause illness. They are understood by using psychological techniques in concurrence with Biblical truths.Employing a theological worldview for counseling helps a therapists awareness of the innermost complexities of a client and enables them to be an effective guide towards the path of hope and healing. Introduction Counseling is centr wholey and critically a relationship between citizenry who care (Crabb, 1977). It is essential that a psychotherapist bristle a genuine desire for the well-being of a client. This is an ideal arrangement for which a Christian counselor flush toilet flourish, because Every Christian is call ed to a ministry of further and helping others (Crabb, 1977).Although an atmosphere of caring and encouragement is non limited to Christians it is ideal to integrate psychology and Christian spirituality to most effectively aid clients. personality Personality structure and components There are many theories involving the structure of the human personality. One is the theory presented by Dr. Ron E. Hawkins (2006a). In this theory, Dr. Hawkins the likes ofns for each one individual to many concentric whirligigs. Every traffic company is affected by the other circles provided every one has its own distinctive characteristics.This structure hatful best elucidate the complexities that embody inside an individual. The boundaries between circles can help determine the source of each dilemma and each circle provides a unlike approach to problem-solving. The first circle is the innermost circle of a person and encapsulates the very essence of being human. It is in this most person al circle that the Holy Spirit inhabits within each believer, as supported by the biblical quote The kingdom of God is within you (Luke 1721). Also included in this circle are the options of set down-will and the purpose of original sin.The original sin is common to all human beings as maintained by Paul when he writes his letter to the Romans and utters, for all have sinned and deteriorate short of the glory of God (Romans 323). It must(prenominal) be noted that outside of issues involving deliverance, there is not much that can be dealt with in this circle by human intervention. Instead, if a problem really reverberates from this circle it must be surrendered in strong faith to the hands of God. The next circle encloses the soul, feeling, and cognitive aspects of the human being.For most clients looking for counseling, this is the circle that receives the most focus. It is in this circle that emotional and psychological troubles not originating from biological sources resonate . The next circle in this theory of personality makeup is the biological circle. This circle consists of the biological processes and focuses on the wellness of the physical human body. Problems in this circle include chemical imbalance which is the ill luck to normalize the chemicals in the brain, resulting in problems like obsession, anxiety, panic attacks, paranoia, and insomnia.Problems in this circle are more likely to have physical sources, like physical combat injury or abuse. The next circle is another prevailing source of problems dealt with in counseling. The temporal circle, it is the beginning of external focused aspects. In this circle, external environ psychical structures like society and culture have a significant influence on the individual. Societal values and cultural expectations will always have an impact on personality development. Society, friends, family, and church are examples of the temporal systems that must be dealt with when counseling people.Learning who the client is responsible to and what he is responsible for is essential to developing personal responsibility (Cloud & Townsend, 1992). Additionally, the influences of the clients family system are dealt with in this circle. The Bible supports this, fathers, do not exasperate your children instead bring them up in the fosterage and instruction of the Lord (Ephesians 64). Many problems can be rooted from the effects of family and environment The final circle of the human personality structure is the circle of the unreal.This includes the archetypal epic struggle between good and evil, demons and angels. Despite this concept it is important to keep in mind that our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms (Ephesians 612). The Bible states that demonic power is a real and it would be imprudent to prune its potential. Spiritual f orces have a great impact on personality development and it cannot be excluded from the growth processMotivation There are cardinal basic propositions about motivation 1 human beings are all actuate to seek our needs, 2 motivational energy is channeled by dint of the mind and results in specific behavior, 3 motivated behavior is always directed towards a goal, 4 when a goal is perceived to be impossible a state of disequilibrium exists, and finally, 5 all behavior is motivated and all behavior makes sense (Crabb, 1986). Motivation is a drive toward security and significance, with these thoughts in mind, Dr.Crabb details that the definitive goal of counseling is to free people to better revere and serve God by helping them become more like the Lord (1977). Individual differences In counseling, the level of maturity of each client must be assessed. Individuals are in the process of moving over and moving up, clients differ in as to where they are in the process of relations with presenting problems in a manner consistent with scripture and developing a Christ-like character (Crabb, 1977).Perhaps the most important reason that accounts for individual differences is that God provided free will to His creation. This free will makes each person unique and not merely a puppet with predetermined follow outs. Alteration of procedure used in counseling is necessary when dealing with different types of people. Some clients should be approached in a feeling level while others should be led spiritually. Cognitive base personalities are best dealt with on the thinking level and those suffering from physical disabilities are helped first with their tangible needs (Hawkins, 2006).Health A contextual rendering of health All counselors should want their clients to become healthy. According to McMinn (1996), the three factors that determine health are accurate awareness of self, accurate awareness of needs and familiarity in healthy relationships. Basing self- worth(pre dicate) on the word of God is an effective strategy to be able to create a self-image found on the unconditional lovemaking of Christ is a helpful direction for people who are injured in the different psychological aspects of their lives.McGee (1992) states, changing our beliefs from false beliefs to the truths of Gods countersignature will assist us in experiencing more appropriate emotions and thereby will change the way we respond. Helping clients to become more Christ-like in seeking self-worth and happiness is the goal of Christian counseling. A contextual explanation of illness The sources of illness are biological, cognitive, emotional and spiritual. Biological are often the easiest to place they have physical signs that can be studied.Biological illnesses include physical sickness, chemical imbalances, and traumatic abuse. Typically, biological problems can be treated with medications or removal of the source of problem. For instance, physical trauma caused by an abusiv e husband involves treatment wherein the first step is to remove the victim from the abusive relationship. The cognitive aspect is the playing area of focus for most counseling therapies. Many problems that counselors must contend with relate to cognitive disorders, including depression, anxiety, guilt, and fear.The illnesses with a cognitive source are of critical concern as they are often more difficult to treat than biological illnesses. Emotional causes must also be considered. Sandra Wilsons (2001) mantra of Hurt population Hurt People explains how emotional damage begets more emotional damage. Out of wounded emotions, people repeat the same torture to those they are closest to. Finally, illnesses can also be of a spiritual character. In order to be successful and productive counselors we have to learn to distinguish between organic or psychological mental illness and a spiritual battle for the mind, (Anderson, 2000).Spiritual illnesses stem from sin, a lack of faith, and de structive influences. Anderson (2000) advises, Dont think Satan is no durable interested in manipulating your mind in order to accomplish his purposes. Satans perpetual aim is to infiltrate your thoughts with his thoughts and to promote his lie in the depend of Gods truth. He knows that if he can control you thoughts, he can control your life Therapeutic Involvement Techniques, methods The Bible provides excellent counselor-at-law in various aspects of life it is an excellent source for every Christian counselor.Accordingly, all Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness (2 Timothy 316-17). In a helping relationship, techniques are used to help the client reach the point of change. One approach that Christian counselors should not be without is prayer. Craigie and common topaz (as cited in McMinn, 1996) write, Indeed, praying with clients that they may be liberated from resistant misbeliefs, that they may be empowered to do the truth, and that they may come into a deeper relationship with the truth can sometimes be a most powerful experience.The use of scripture in therapy sessions is useful in integrating Gods Truths to a clients mindset. The use of the technique miracle question is helpful this is a method of questioning which begins by helping the client imagine a fact wherein, overnight, a miracle happens that solves all their familial problems. The client has to define what differences they would observe to prove that a miracle had taken place. This is vital in making the client realize how vastly improved their relationships will be when the problems are resolved and defines the goal they aim to achieve.The method of Scaling questions is another tool used to rate the clients current state, with zero/one being the most ideal and ten being the worst, this facilitates the therapist in identifying factors that prevents them from moving up the scale and recognizes what pushes them down. This is helpful in shifting the clients focus from problems to solutions. The goal of therapy is promoting a high level of self-worth the therapist must introduce genuineness into the environment by omitting disgrace from the process.This can be supplemented with compliments and positive encouragement by vocalizing admirable traits it is a helpful exercise that generates an atmosphere of goodwill more causative to problem solving. Hawkins (2006b) identifies the first in counseling step as own having an taking into custody of the real problem. Then, he goes on to reality testing. From there, a plan of action is formulated and the client is occupied with taking tenure to this plan of action and accepting accountability for its conclusion. Lastly, the counselor helps in building support and responsibility into the process of transformation concerning the client.A good cognitive counseling approach is to focus on the inner-voice and truth. The inner-voice is often constructed as a direct result of the temporal and supernatural circles in which an individual develops. In destructive or less-than-ideal relationships, the individual can develop spiteful and untruthful concepts about themselves which are constantly conveyed by the inner-voice. An understanding of truthful reality, often combating the untrue inner-voice, is critical for change. As Dr. Backus and Dr.Chapian explain, locating and identifying pain-causing fabrications plus learning the factual reality-based truth is therapeutic and critical for healing (2000). Expectations in success Counselors can measure success of counseling by evaluating the clients progress in the accurate awareness of self or needs and by determining if they are participating in healing relationships (McMinn, 1996). McMinns affirms that, A more careful look suggests that spiritual and psychological health require a confident sense of self, an awareness of human need, and limitations, and confiding interpersonal relationships with God and others (1996).Real success in psychotherapy is measured by advancement not perfection. Worldview Dimensions Every individual possesses a worldview whether or not they recognize it. For example, the temporal system an individual develops in will have significant impacts on the individuals worldview. Someone who was raised in a war torn environment with rampant violence and lawlessness will have a different set of moral code than a person is raised in a secure and peaceable community. These worldviews affect the progress in counseling worldviews differ from person to person and may include science, perception or the Bible.It is imperative for the Christian counselor to have a broad perception of what his/her worldview consists of. The Biblical worldview filters minded(p) information through the sieve of Gods Word. Since all issues are not addressed in Scripture, to sift means to see if the issue lines up with Gods Word (Collins, 2001). Uniting psychology, spirituality, and theolo gy encompasses all the components of human behavior necessary to assess functioning (McMinn, 1996). Conclusion The integration of spirituality and theological scriptures to counseling provides a panoramic view of how psychotherapy can progress.The Bible must be used as a reference in choosing ideologies, techniques or processes to integrate in a personal theory. The use of solutions-based therapy, also referred to as solution focused therapy or brief therapy, is a type of talking therapy that is based upon social constructionist philosophy. It includes miracle and scaling questions. It focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy. The approach focuses on the present and hopes for future, because as Dr. Worthington explains, hope provides the motivation to work (1999).Cognitive therapy can be used most effectively in Christian counseling because the cognitive approach is imperative in changing the clients self-awareness by challenging negative thoughts and untruths. Cognit ive therapy helps unchain the client from unrealistic expectations by perceiving and revising the pointless difficulties they place on themselves. Understanding the components of human personality through the theory of concentric circles is important in developing a complete strategy for helping individuals change.Recognition of an integrated model that considers the scripture of Christian teachings is a potent tool in wrestling against the dysfunction residing in a clients life. Resources Anderson, N. (2000). The bondage breaker. Eugene, OR Harvest House Publishers. Backus, William and Chapian, Marie. (2000). Telling yourself the truth. Bloomington, MN Bethany House Publishers Cloud, H. & Townsend, J. (1992). Boundaries When to say yes when to say no to take control of your life. Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan. Collins, G. (2001).The Biblical basis of Christian counseling for people helpers. Colorado Springs, CO NavPress Publishing Group. Crabb, Larry. (1977). Effective biblical counse ling A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors. Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan. Hawkins, Ron E. (Speaker). (2006). Model for guiding the counseling process. Lynchburg, VA Liberty University. Hawkins, R. E. (Producer). (2006b). Grid for tracking process Motion picture. (Available from Liberty university, 1971 University Boulevard, Lynchburg, VA 24502)Worthington, Everett L. (1999). Hope-focussed marriage counseling. Downers Grove, IL InterVarsity Press Greece. McGee, R. (1992). Search for significance Build your self worth on the forgiveness and unconditional love of Jesus Christ. Nashville, TN LifeWay Press. McMinn, M. (1996). Psychology, theology and spirituality in Christian counseling. Wheaton, IL Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Wilson, S. (2001). Hurt people hurt people Hope and healing for yourself and your relationships. Grand Rapids, MI Discovery House Publishers.

Packaging for Saffola Rice

Contents * incoming and Background * question Objectives * Variables * causa of Study * Sampling * Hypotheses * seek Design * Assumptions * Delimitations Background Packaging is a very important marketing strategy to glamorize your product in order to attract the consumers attention. sometimes package is so important that it cost more than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to buy it. Most consumers judge a product by its packaging before buying. So it is logical to say attractive packaging is crucial in order to get the first time buyers to buy your products. at that place are many elements involved in the success of a product and packaging is one of the key drivers of purchase. This report is to understand the role of packaging in the success of the product, it is important to know the key elements in packaging which are working or not working for the consumer. The various forms of packaging types that are on tap(predicate) to us are Tetra pack, Plastic bags, T ins , Paper bags, Plastic bottles, Tubes, Soft pouches, Nozzle bottles, Gunny bags, Paper boxes. In the case of Rice purchase it is observed that packaging is seen important however not critical. Most consumers were buying branded rice in 20 kg jute bags and were driven more by price vs. packaging. ) Research Objectives To evaluate the new packaging for Saffola rice. Basic studies claim reflected on the need for a new packaging. Once the packaging is confirmed at the outset, it is imperative to fire the credibility the packaging lends to the rice inside and to understand the drivers of these impressions. Also it gives an opportunity to capture cues for improvement. Variables Dependent Purchase Preference, * Independent Overall packaging * Intervening Introduction of a new packaging concept by competitor, change in requirement/ need. * Control Income group, Gender, Occupation Type of Study * Process Exploratory * Type of data Qualitative * Content Empirical * Period One time study * Setting Field Sample The Sample should be people who have bought a product or who are thinking of buying a product. They should be buyers and not specifiers. They may be multiple purchasers.During the course of our research when the potential sample was listed there was a temptation to say yes, all of these but considering that the greater the scope of the project the more it go away cost and the longer it will take we decided to stick to a sample size of 50. Our Target profile a. Females -SEC A, B b. Must be a primary cook in the house i. Must cook at least one meal on weekdays and weekends c. Decision maker in purchase of household items d. Regular buyers, finis makers and consumers of rice. The segmentation was based on Working Women and Housewives who were aged between 24 to 45 years.

Management and Leadership at Cvs Caremark

Management and Leadership at CVS C atomic number 18mark Michell McGill MGT/330 September 10th, 2012 Ed Robinson CVS C bemark is the largest pharmacy health care provider in the linked States with integrated offerings across the entire spectrum of Pharmacy Care. CVS Caremark is a market loss leader in mail-order pharmacy, retail pharmacy, specialty pharmacy, and retail clinics and is a leading provider of Medicare explode D Prescription Drug Plans.As one of the countrys largest pharmacy benefits managers (PBMs) CVS Caremark provides access to a interlocking of more than 65,000 pharmacies, including more than 7,3000 CVS/pharmacy installs that provide unparallel gos and capabilities(Recruiter contact information, 2012). The size and components of the company CVS Caremark has implemented a leadership team comprised of talented and diverse leaders whos abilities makes the company a leader among retail and specialty pharmacies in the United States.CVS Caremark divides the company into a Business Unit that consists of MinuteClinic, Pharmacy arrive at Management and Retail Pharmacy. Leadership, defined as influencing individual and group activities toward goal achievement. Executive leadership is a key component to the success of CVS Caremark. CVS Caremark fill numerous of their Executive Leadership opportunities from deep down, colleagues are offered development plans and go on open dialog with colleagues and managers.Regular training and leadership development programs ensure that talent can be promoted from within the company. CVS Caremark employs Senior Executive Teams and department and line executives these positions are responsible for support and to work with teams that manage nearly of the major staff support functions (Recruiter contact information,2012). Management is described as the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. At CVS Caremark there are some(prenominal) types of managers in the retail stor es.There are regulate store managers, district pharmacy managers, store managers, shift managers, photo lab supervisors, pharmacy managers, lead pharmacy teach, minute clinic manager and each manager report to the store managers. The distribution center employs more managers as sanitary as former(a)(a) departments. Roles and Responsibilities MinuteClinic are managed by nurse practitioner who offer services to goody minor health issues such as strep throat, and ear, eye, sinus, bladder, and bronchial infections. Others convince of the minute clinic is the ability to lease several common vaccinations, flu shots, hepatitis A and B, tetanus, and pneumonia.The benefit to the customer is there are no appointment necessary and the practitioner specialist can diagnose and treat and write prescriptions, which can be modify immediately in the store pharmacy with little or no waiting. Other convient services are camp, sports, and college physicals on a daily walk in, no appointment nece ssary. Pharmacy Benefit Management is some other business unit that assists the customers with managing their benefit, filing prescription by mail and in the retail setting. The services offered attend the customer file insurance and fill his or her prescriptions.Services such as ready fill and 90 day supply of maintenance medications like blood pressure, asthma medication, birth control, etc. can be automatically refilled every month or 90 days according to their insurance plan. The benefit to the customs is that they do not have to file their insurance and be reimbursed by the insurance company. The prescriptions can be automatically refilled every month or every 90 days. CVS/pharmacy retail division is the Statess leading retail pharmacy with more than 7,300 CVS/pharmacy and Longs Drug stores .Many of CVS/ pharmacies are open 24 arcminutes, which is always a benefit to the customer who may have a late night light to the ER. CVS/pharmacy offer personalized expertise, in the r etail stores and online at CVS. com. This is a benefit to the elderly patients, they do not have to remember to call in their prescriptions, and they get a coursity speech sound call if the prescriptions are not picked up within two days after the fill. As people are alive longer today the elderly many times do not have help maintaining their drugs or other pauperisms and at time the responsibility can become overwhelming.Customers enjoy the convince to lecture with a pharmacist about minor issues with their health or medications. Cot to cost every CVS/pharmacy offer prescription medications related health care products and other health products, such as graduation aid products, crutches, walkers for the elderly, bed pan, etc. There are 600 in-store minute clinics with more to come by 2016. The social movement store offer a wide variety of popular beauty supplies, health, and personal care brands, well stocked convince nutriments and a photo lab with one hour services and man y other photo needs, seasonal aisle, and gift ideas and a large supply of cards for every occasions.CVS Caremark is in the United States, the company is launching a Spanish version of Caremark. com. CVS Caremark planes precipitations have access to most comprehensive Spanish-language weathervane site in PBM industry. The services provided will be the same services as English-speaking customers. plot of ground CVS Caremark offers great services and benefits to their employees, turnover can be a problem, due to some factors that stand out, jibe to Sam Walton of Wal-mart, If you command to know where the problem is ask the front line.The employees at CVS have several issues that if corrected the employees may be happier and offer better customer service. One issue is with the work environment, in retail pharmacy employees work an eight-hour shift and many days there is no breaks, no lunch, and many times no bathroom breaks. When dealing with customers who are sick and not feeling w ell, and all they want is to get their medicines and go home. The employees need to have a break from the crazy fast pace of the frontline. This would interpret care of the bathroom problem.While the care does not tell employees not to take a break, they also do not make taking break easy. As for a lunch break, employees can have food in the store but many times some stores may fill 800 to a 1,000 prescriptions a day. This leaves little time to eat or anything else. If employees had a break and a little time to eat, service with a smile, is more likely. Another employee issue is the work schedule, no set schedules are , most store employees including managers are required to work two- day shifts and two evening or night shifts and every other weekend.If the store is open 24 hours the last shift get off around 1100 p. m. . . The 24- hour stores never close for anything, rain sleet or snow. If CVS Caremark would look at these couple of problems the service would mitigate, the custo mers would be happier. Customers can at times wait 30 minutes to an hour for their prescriptions. Employee who are exhausted and hungry(p) and need to go to the restroom are less likely to provide great customer service. CVS Caremark management is always looking for ways to improve their service at the store level.There are weekly phone conferences for the management team, the pharmacist, the technicians, and the minutecilnic, and retail front store. To discuss the monthly service goals and what need to be completed to improve the service for the months to come. The district managers need to be in the store more often and the management need to take better care of their employees on a daily bases and management will see a change in customer service scores. References Recruiter contact information. (2012). Retrieved from http//info. cvscaremark. com

New Age Music and Religion

pertly climb on music was first introduced in 1964, when Tony Scott recorded Music for Zen Meditation. In the years that followed this impressionistic music became popular in California, but was non sold nationally until the 1980s. Windam cumulus is the largest producer of youthful days music, grossing some thirty million dollars in 1987, but many competitors birth recently come into the securities industry. There is a wide variety in style of sensitive days music, but very often it is dreamy music associated with nature. Typical would be that of Paul Winter who on his saxophone accompanies the sounds of humpback whales, timber wolves, and eagles letting them create the melody. Other New Age music features the sounds of waterfalls, sea waves, and crickets (Rhodes 133).But despite the increasing support of many peck to New Age music, its critics excessively have their consume arguments about it. What is New Age music really about and what are the critics arguments about its association to godliness? All of these and more are discussed as we go along the context.Reflection and AssessmentBecause it is much a decentralized movement, it is problematical to assess the impact of New Age. There is no doubt that it has already has a puissant crop on atomic number 74ern society, but its future is impossible to predict. Is it a passing fad that will be largely forgotten in decades to come, or is it a movement that has only just begun to gain urge? In reference, Brooks Alexander writes in Christianity Today Is this just another diversion of New Age, or is it something more enduring? There are many faddish characteristics of the movement, but fads have sometimes genuine into time-honored traditions (Kemp135).Indeed, at that place are many signs that New Age on the whole is gaining a powerful foothold in society that will not quickly pass away. This position is gaining credibility among unconsecrated scholars. According to Carl A. Raschke, a religion p rofessor at the University of Denver and a student of the movement, New Age is the most powerful social force in the country today (Tucker 351).New Age CriticsBy the early 1990s, there was a myriad of Christian critiques of New Age. New Age had replaced secular humanism as the competitor of traditional Christians. Other Christian anti-New Age works include Douglas Groothuis three-part series beginning with Unmasking the New Age (1986) and Walter Martins The New Age Cult (1989) (Kemp135). Innocuous New Age music is also condemned for encouraging people to reflect on religion and culture that is not explicitly Christian. John Newport, for example, insists that it is satanically enliven and thus theologically wrong in its roots and in the effects it hopes to achieve (Partridge 255).The mainstream churches have tended to be less(prenominal) overtly hostile in their official responses to New Age than some of the smaller the innovative get down to spirituality. However, their knowledge of New Age is often based on works by Evangelical or fundamentalist Christians and is strongly colored by them (Kemp 135).New Age PerspectiveThere is a strong spiritual dimension to the New Age. It is not only interested in contemporary philosophies but in ancient wisdom, drawing in an eclectic way from Eastern and Western spiritual-religious traditions, with a contemporary blend of psychology and ecology and a profound interest in such things as metaphysics and sacred geometry. Some New Age movements bring up a mystical approach. It can fit within the category of non religious spiritualities, and for some adherents it is like an choice to religion. For others, New Age practices harmonize with their religious beliefs (Wilber 348).The New Age is particularly concerned with lifestyle and health. It center a range of human take from immediate wellbeing to a sense of connectedness with others and the world, and to gist in life. It also has a commercial dimension catering to consume r spirituality some practices at the market end of the New Age can be regarded as part of the self-help industry (Tucker 350).The literature on New Age highlights diversity and spirituality. While beyond our scope here, an appraisal of the spiritual scope of New Age remains an important part of any critical exploration of the contemporary spirituality that affects preteen people (Kemp 134).The New Age is mainly an adult and young adult interest. Nevertheless, adolescents and children will be wondering(a) about it when they encounter it in the culture. They may well try some practices as part of their experiment in identity and spirituality. What is likely to appeal to young people is the fluid and non-institutional appearance of the New Age it does not prescribe beliefs but is based on individuals piecing together their own spirituality to suit their needs and interests. Also attractive would be its existential and lifestyle focus, and its holistic notion of the integration of min d-body-spirit (Crawford and Rossiter 223).Summary and ConclusionCertain critics may not agree with the music of New Age but it doesnt deny the fact that a clump of people also patronize the music. Personally, I think New Age music soothes someones mood and relaxes a tired mind. Association to religion is optional and should not make other people get bothered about the idea. Its just a matter of opinion, whether or not to occupy New Age music or not.Works CitedCrawford, Marisa, and Graham Rossiter. Reasons for Living Education and Young Peoples Search for Meaning, identicalness and Spirituality. A Handbook. Camberwell, Victoria Aust Council for Ed Research, 2006.Kemp, Daren. New Age A Guide Alternative Spiritualities from Aquarian Conspiracy To. George Square, Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press, 2004.Partridge, Christopher H. The Re-Enchantment of the West Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occulture. Vol. 2. New York Continuum International Publish ing Group, 2005.Rhodes, Ron. The Challenge of the Cults and New Religions The Essential Guide to Their Doctrine, and Our Response. august Rapids, Michigan Zondervan, 2001.Tucker, Ruth. Another Gospel Alternative Religions and the New Age Movement. Grand Rapids, Michigan Zondervan, 1989.Wilber, Ken. Up from heaven A Transpersonal View of Human Evolution. Wheaton, Illinois Quest Books, 1996.

Network Design Project It/230 Final Paper

Network heading Project Art Meyer IT/230 Pernell Curtis 11/27/2011 Executive Summary The Tri-Corp corporation is imply of a complete net incomeing resultant role. Tri-Corp has two offices, iodine in phoenix, and the a nonher(prenominal) in Tucson. The main office in Phoenix is a crowing 4-story building with 50 workstations and 10 profit printers. The Tucson office has tail fin separate workstations and three intercommunicate capable printers. The clients physical exercise observation post exchange web innkeeper for their electronic mail dialogues twain offices require info convert on a daily seat. Each practice sessionr requires rise to power to the profits and the sh atomic number 18d selective information stored on the nine clients workstations.DSL, cable, and T3 entanglement solutions argon available to the clients. The Tucson clients endure a cable internet bring togetherion with 8mbps max upload and transfer limit. The physical layout of the Tucson office is a single story jut where the workstations are located in five separate offices in a large building an idle storage closet is located in a primeval point in between the offices of that building. Tri-Corps needs a reliable web, with a VPN serve to accommodate the needs of locomotioning executives, upper centering, and a growing workforce.Comp any(prenominal) executives at Tri-Corp have requested a foreign entranceway solution as set out of their establishments upgrade. The telephoner desires its employees to have gate code to the internet from their plateful PCs and laptops as a method to military religious service improve productivity and eliminate spare travel and paperwork. In shape to function to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) efficiently, many companies across the globe require outdoor(a) access to their legion systems. A upstage access solution go away support Tri-Corp with a turn out method to retrieve entropy from unconnected l ocations and them with the opportunity for their executives to complete necessary tasks on the go.However, remote access whitethorn provide intruders a method to access Tri-Corps secure data. These vulnerabilities may expose the risk of ontogeny and have ca employd irreparable damage to other companies in the past. Successfully implementing Tri-Corps remote access solution requires metric planning to protect their data and avoid unwanted attacks by unauthorized users. In addition to the enterprisingness system upgrades, Tri-Corp needs to introduction and implement a contingency reco very(prenominal) plan and review system hostage policies.While some misfortunes are unavoidable and vary in causa and magnitude, system security attacks are avoidable when companies enforce their information policies and protect their resources. Tri-Corps offices may contain vulnerabilities because they declare oneself remote access to company data to many employees in some(prenominal) locati ons. Cabling Specifications The shield misrepresented pair (STP) or unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable are what connects computing devices to the overcome on the Star Topology profits10Base-T is unmatchable of the Ethernet trites for cabling in a net environment. 10BaseT uses a twisted pair cable with a maximum length of 100 meters.Standard 10BaseT operates at 10 Mbps. It is comm nonwithstanding used in a sense impression topology. Gigabit Ethernet (CAT6) over twisted pair blur wires is the preferred cabling specification for game speed data transmissions. Transmission rates in this cabling specification may r distributively speeds of up to 1000 Mbps. CAT5 T/100 base cables aloneow provide adequate data transfer for virtu bothy other applications. Local Area Network (LAN) Topologies In the star topology, instead of having a direct link to each other, the systems are machine-accessible to a important device, such as a cyberspace cast or a router.One definite advan tage the star topology provides is meshing stability. For example, in the star topology, when one system goes down, it does not bring the rest of the network down with it as it does in the tidy sum or ring topologies. The star topology is the nigh prevalent topology in use now. The physical topology of the star network contains six different classifications namely point-to-point network, ring network, mesh network, bus network, tree network and star network. Of these six, the star network is one of the most commonly utilised network topologies.According to definition, the term star topology, refers to a network wherein all the thickeners are connected individually to one common hub (Naik, 2011). Simply pronounced, the stat topology is a network topology wherein transmission stations connect to the rudimentary node in a configuration where the initiation of the network stations resembles the shape of a star. Essentially, the star topology design may be desirened to the spoke s on a wheel, all connected to the central hub. In this network configuration, the exchange of date is only possible through an indirect connection to the central node this connects all other nodes to the network.As with various other types of network topologies, the star topology has its own set of special advantages and disadvantages. These factors require measured consideration in regards to the feasibility of the network setup. When evaluating this topology, careful comparison to other network solutions and consideration of all available options serveed to describe which solution would provide Tri-Corp with the best answer to meet their needs. It is very easy to install and manage star network topology because its functionality is the simplest among the topologies.Because all computers rely on the central hub, troubleshooting a star topology network is frequently easier, therefore, any problem, which leaves the network inoperable, leaves a direct racetrack to the central h ub. This feature simplifies troubleshooting by offering a particular spot for error connection and at the same time, the reliance is very high on that single point. In star topology, the data packets do not have to make their way through various nodes this ensures that the data transfer is fast.Consequently, the fact that the data packets only make it through three different points as well guarantees that the data is safe. Because the nodes do not connect to each other, problems in one node do not require the routine of other nodes in the network. Since all the computers on the network have in dependant reign over of their networks and are only dependant on the central hub computer, failures in transmitting data and other possible problems in this area are little likely to occur. In addition, if the hub is safe then every computer in the network is safe.This type of network provides to a greater extent privacy than any other network. Additions, such as new machines or replacing senior(a) units are much easier in the star network topology, since the network go out not examine any disruption to facilitate changes. The primary problem with star network topology is the fact that it is highly subject on the central hub functioning properly. Additionally, network size is dependent on the number of connections available on the hub. This network type requires more(prenominal) cable when compared to other topologies, such as linear bus topology.Therefore, the woo and expense of a star topology runs higher and the expenses incurred are relatively high. Since the performance of the total network depends on the performance of the hub, a in arrears master of ceremonies volition cause the entire network to slow down. As mentioned earlier, the star network topology requires more cable to connect the network together than the familiar Bus topology. For this particular network setup, the recommendation is to use is the RJ45 or the Ethernet cables. To be specific, this network setup requires a gigabit 48-port switch and CAT6 base T/1000 Ethernet cabling to some(prenominal) the IT and the brilliant design department.The other departments give use CAT5 base T/100 cabling. In a Star Network the entire network is dependent on the hub so if the entire network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. Since all the computers on the network have independent control of their networks and only dependant on the central hub computer, the failures in transmission and other possible problems in this area are less(prenominal) likely. In addition, if the hub is safe then every computer in the network is safe. This type of network also offers more privacy than any other network.A Star Network Topology is best suited for littler networks like Tri-Corps and works best when there is limited number of nodes. The primary objective is to ensure that Tri-Corps hub or the central node is ceaselessly functioning and that all extra security featu res are added to the hub because it s the heart of the network and the stability of the network relies directly on the stability of the central hub. Wide Area Network (WAN) Design Tri-Corps two offices, one in Phoenix and the other in Tucson require a WAN network to effectively communicate and share data and resources.The main office in Phoenix is a large 4-story building with 50 workstations and 10 network printers. The Tucson office has five separate workstations and three network capable printers. The clients use Outlook exchange web server for their email communications and require minimal amounts of data transfers between the offices. Each user requires access to the internet and the shared data stored on the nine clients workstations. twain DSL and cable internet service are available to the clients. The Tucson clients have a cable internet connection with 8mbps max upload and download limit.The physical layout of the Tucson office is a single story design where the workstati ons are located in five separate offices in a large building an unused storage closet is located in a central point in between the offices of that building. The certain system in the Tucson office uses a non-commercial five-port router each computer connects to the router through a Cat5 Ethernet connection. The setoff pervert is to cite the bandwidth needs and average user loads. Data from Cisco (Boda, 2009) suggests the average broadband connection generates around 11. gigabytes of Internet traffic per month. We will use this figure to calculate the bandwidth needs of this company. Calculating with 10 users and a five-day, forty-hour workweek as our model for the Tucson office, we can calculate average daily consumption to be virtually 5. 7 gigabytes per day of bandwidth consumption. The current cable internet allows for 28 gigabytes during an eight-hour period (multiply 8mbps x 3600, the number of seconds in an eight, hour period, and divide by 1024) should provide a stable connection end-to-end the day as all ten users are rarely on the network at once.The setup of the Phoenix offices is more complex they require a T3 connection to accommodate the IT and the in writing(p) Design departments. The third floor houses the IT department, the first floor houses the reception stave, along with lower level management, the second floor houses the graphic design department, and the quaternary floor houses the operations staff objet dart the fifth floor houses upper management. The current system in the Phoenix offices uses a network hub and repeaters. Both the IT and graphic design department complain they do not have sufficient bandwidth to meet their needs.Upper management complains that the system on their floor is too slow. The Tucson offices complain they experience difficulty sending and receiving data and email from the Phoenix offices, and connections time out frequently. The current system in the Tucson offices lacks design and will not allow for a dditional users or adding network printers. Additionally, aside from the firewall provided by the router, no real network security is in place and the workstations cannot communicate with each other in either location. The Phoenix offices need ontogenesisd speed and greater bandwidth. Both offices require better communications etween the workstations to incr residue efficiency. The recommendation for the Tucson offices is to install a server system employ Windows server 2003, and a VPN this office will engage the star topology, thus allowing for growth and easier diagnostics. In addition, failure of one workstation will not imprint the entire network and the speed will be optimal. The server packet provides several bring ins. Multiple applications are available to run in the Server 2003 environment, including financial apps, database programs, and e-mail exchange operations as thoroughly as web server and Internet programs.Domain operations are included in the package, some thing that will compel an important resource by adding security and the ability to the local and group policies of the network. Additionally, if Server 2003 is not utilized as a domain controller, then it can run simple network operations using peer-to-peer structures (Garza, 2010). An extensive amount of shielded twisted pair Cat5 cables will be necessary to connect each workstation and the network capable printers. The VPN system will allow the users to connect remotely to their workstations and the company intranet. The Tucson office will utilize the central closet as a server room.The server will handle all applications and house the data storage. The server will have a connection to a primary switch this switch will also handle the data transfer between the local PCs of each office. The switch accomplishes two tasks since connections from one port to another are made on an as needed basis (Axia College, 2005), this will eliminate traffic collisions and create faster point to p oint connections. The switch will be connected to ports on the private network switch allowing for access to the application and data servers, along with the DNS and energetic Directory server.Since the data transfer needs are minimal, the switch does not need Cat6 cabling Cat5 STP will work, gigabit switches will not be necessary. Security from outside traffic will be enforced by pass completion the ports to outside traffic. Users will access the internet via an Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) server, which will be connected to the public network. The recommendation for the Phoenix office will also include a new server and the Windows server 2003 platform. Both offices will use the same VPN, however, in the Phoenix offices, only upper management will have access to the VPN from outside the building.The existing network hub will be replaced by T/1000 switches connected to gigabit LAN network interface cards on each of the workstations in the graphic design department as w ell as those in the IT and upper management. Gigabit LAN adaptors are postulate on the servers to accommodate the high bandwidth needs of these departments. The reception area, lower management, and Operations will connect to standard switches using a T/100 base, thus eliminating the problem of network congestion in the departments where more bandwidth is indispensable, and limiting the bandwidth where it is not necessary.Cat6 cabling will be utilized on the second, third, and fifth floors to accommodate the bandwidth needs of the high end users. CAT5 cabling will be used throughout the rest of the system and should easily meet the needs of the end users in the other departments. The primary address of upgrading both systems will be in the cabling both offices will require an extensive amount of CAT5 and CAT6 networking cables.The server systems and switches will incur the second highest address both upgrades are necessary to provide the company with greater ease of use and tran sitional growth opportunities update the current systems and switching to Windows server 2003 will provide both offices with greater stability, efficiency, and change magnitude security. Updating the Phoenix offices from hubs to switches will increase the flow of network traffic and allow for greater communications between both offices and all workstations.The Tucson offices will benefit from less frequent connection time outs and rapid data transfer to and from the Phoenix offices. Additionally, both offices will be more prepared for rapid growth. The Tucson offices will show increased productivity by networking all of the printers. The Phoenix offices will benefit from as the IT department and graphic design will have the necessary bandwidth to meet their needs, while upper management will spend less time waiting on reports and data necessary to make day to day decisions that will affect the companys long-term growth strategies.Upgrading the current systems is not only a wise dec ision, it is the only logical decision for a company that is primed to move ahead and take control of the mart in its area and expand into more profitable markets in other cities as well. Network Protocols VPN users pee-pee remote access to their LAN through the internet. VPNs are network links formed by connecting to an ISP and the company LAN. These connections use technologies such as sophisticated packet encryption to secure the data link. This is particularly important, as the information is travels across a public network.The advantage of using a public network versus dedicated connections is the cost many companies take advantage of VPN technology to provide remote access without pliant security. Dial-up networking is the simplest way to connect to the Internet. Computers connect over the phone line using a modem. Users moldiness deliver for a subscription to an ISP like AOL. Dial-up connections are much slower than broadband and the speed maxes out at 33. 6 Kbps. Some ap plications will work with satisfactory results more and more applications require greater connection speeds even off when performing simple tasks such as transferring files.Both applications require user name and password login information that however, is where the similarities end. VPN users benefit from a secure, encrypted connection that is firewalled from intruders and typically monitored by a network administrator to ensure the privacy of the connection is not compromised. Dial up users connect to a public network and may be subject to outside attacks. Network Remote Access Company executives at Tri-Corp have requested a remote access solution as part of their systems upgrade.The company desires its employees to have access to the network from their home PCs and laptops as a method to help improve productivity and eliminate unnecessary travel and paperwork. The company requests that all upper management be granted unlimited access to all files and network resources and permi ssions. Additionally, they wish to grant access to all mid-level managers, the operations manager, and the entire graphic design department. Support staff and non-salaried associates desire access to the company site for employee benefits and access to daily reports.Tri-Corps enterprise system runs two servers, one in the main ramify located in Phoenix the other in the support counterbalance located in Tucson. Both branches utilize Microsoft Server 2003 software, and a star topology. Outlook is among the programs that are most widely used by the executive branch, Publisher and Adobe Illustrator top the list among the graphic design department. Operations use a simple data storage program that breaks down cost and projects strain forecasts. Tri-Corp believes their company will function more efficiently by granting its employees remote access to their server systems.Whereas it is dead on target remote access does provide many companies with a proven method to retrieve data from re mote locations and offers their users a chance to complete necessary tasks on the go, Tri-Corp will be at risk remote access also offers intruders a way in to Tri-Corps secure data. If these vulnerabilities expose the company to exploitation, the damage may prove to be irreparable. Companies who plan to use a remote access solution need careful planning to protect their data and avoid unwanted attacks by unauthorized users.Therefore, the question lays, Should Tri-Corp use Dial-Up or VPN to complete their remote access solution? The first step is user control it is assertive to control which users can access the network from outside the company. Network access should be granted only for users who need it the likelihood is that not everyone is likely to need network access from outside the company. Whether Tri-Corp decides to use Dial-Up or VPN they must set up remote access accounts for remote users that are separate from their principle accounts, and make these accounts more restr ictive than their normal LAN accounts (Axia, 2006).The company executives may believe this security measure to be impossible however, this strategy is vital, particularly for users who normally have broad security clearance (Axia, 2006). The advantage of using Dial-Up is the Dial-back feature. Dial-back is a feature whereby you securely enter the phone number of the system from which users are calling (Axia, 2006). Users requesting remote access from a fixed location such as a private residence are ideally suited for a Dial-Up remote access connection with the dial-back feature.Once these users connect, they dial the system, request access, and then the remote access system terminates the connection and dials the preprogrammed phone number to make the real connection (Axia, 2006). The home ground computer then answers the call and proceeds to a normal connection. This service offers greater security for home based users because any other user who may attempt to gain access will no t be allowed access with this feature alterd. One more distinguish advantage of a dial-up remote access server (reticular activating system) RAS solutions require employees to onnect to the corporate network via a direct telephone call to modem banks installed at the network edge (Remote Access Vpn Solutions,2000). Three come upon differences separate dial-up and VPN architectures the first being that direct dial-up does not utilize the internet to avoid incurring long distance phone charges. Next, the corporation setting up the dial-up connection is responsible for providing modem banks (modem banks are similar to network hubs or switches). Finally, encryption technologies are not required because the network traffic passes through non-shared links.Undoubtedly, granting remote access may increase productivity and effectiveness by giving employees direct access to information from anywhere in the world. One primary example is email access this factor alone makes a big difference for employees that are constantly on the go and rely on email to communicate from remote locations. The business benefits of using a VPN delivers several advantages versus RAS solutions. VPNs offer two distinct cost advantages first, Internet connections, which are typically local calls, are much less expensive than toll free or long distance dial-up connections.This consideration typically is what convinces most organizations to apply a VPN rather than an RAS solution. Secondly, the equipment cost of purchasing and maintaining a VPN is much more cost effective than standard RAS equipment. Installation and use of VPNs may yield a cost savings of up to 70 percent over a standard RAS system. Comparatively, most companies discover that remote access VPNs pay for themselves in cost savings in a relatively of a sudden period. By way o f contrast, RAS systems only incur greater cost throughout the course of time, especially if upgrades or adding more users is necessary.The amount of acce ss available is dependent on the grading system and how the VPN distributes the clients software. Scaling a remote access may also accept increased bandwidth of the companys Internet connection. As soon as the VPN gateway is operational, the company may change the scale system to support anywhere from a few hundred to tens of thousands of users. The option of scaling for RAS solutions is not as trouble-free and requires the use of additional hardware and adding phone lines.The widespread use of broadband Internet service now offers VPN clients an inexpensive solution to connect corporate networks by utilizing the valet Wide Web to connect from outside the company walls without losing speed and compromising security. This is a very mesmerizing option for mobile users in particular. Dial-up solutions do not always provide the same security and ease of use as this option. In some cases dial-up solutions may very well remain the best solution many companys still employ this solutio n as part of their remote access services for their fixed locations.With proper maintenance, this solution will still serve the needs of a smaller client base. However, if the client base grows rapidly and significantly, they may soon overload the RAS system and discover they need to move on to a different solution. The recommendation for Tri-Corp is to utilize a VPN solution. However, the executive branch will utilize the dial-up service from their fixed locations, such as their place of residence. This will offer greater security by using the dial-back feature to ensure the user is not an unauthorized intruder.This will also remain cost effective as the executive staff numbers only eight individuals. Graphic design, operations, and the rest of the support staff will gain access through the VPN software in Microsofts Server 2003 package. However, each department will only have access to the resources that are consistent with their art requirements. Operations will have access to t he database and Outlook the graphic design department will have access to their saved projects files and Outlook. The support staff will only have access to the company forgiving resources sites and limited access to non-confidential company information.The key elements of a successful remote access implementation will include security, performance, high availability, and client management. A meeting with the Tri-Corp company will outline and clearly coiffe their specific requirements in each key area to discover the solution that will serve the companys needs. Utilizing both dial-up and VPN solutions will offer this company the best of both worlds security and performance as well as greater productivity and performance without the need for incurring greater cost. Network wrinkle ApplicationsThe recommended applications for Tri-Corp will include Microsofts Office Professional suite and the Microsoft Server 2003 software for the local servers. Outlook will replace the exchange ser ver provided by Microsoft. This will provide Tri-Corp with more flexibility and avail in the ease of adding new email user accounts. POP3 and SMPT will require proper configuration to enable this service. In addition to the Enterprise system upgrades, Tri-Corp needs to design and implement a disaster retrieval plan and review system security policies.While some disasters are unavoidable and vary in type and magnitude, system security attacks are avoidable when companies enforce their information policies and protect their resources. Tri-Corps offices may contain vulnerabilities because they offer remote access to company data to many employees in both locations. Network Security We will first address the issue of Enterprise Security and best practices. Microsoft has developed a four-part checklist, which emphasises on the interest key points Assessing the environment, protecting the network, protecting servers and clients, and finally, monitoring the environment (Microsoft 2011). Using this guide will help increase Tri-Corps security and reduce the risk of outside attacks. Assessing the environment requires learning all of the components deep down the infrastructure. Tri-Corp needs to identify all assets and security issues while continually monitoring the quality of the security program (Microsoft 2011). Their first step will be to partner upper management with the IT staff so they may both focus on establishing an ongoing process to classify and examine all security risks. Failure to establish this vital communication will absolutely place the company at risk with the largest security problems.Next, protecting the network Tri-Corps server system will utilize both Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption, and a Public Key alkali (PKI) to aid in maintaining network security. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption is one of the leading technologies used today to secure web sites, intranets, extranets, and other server-based applications (IT Observer, 2009). Usin g SSL along with special server digital certificates will provide the security handshake and the data encryption to pr face eavesdropping and secure the integrity of data transmissions (IT Observer, 2009).Although SSL and PKI will help provide network security, additional security measures are necessary to protect the servers and clients. Tri-Corps server will utilize a software firewall such as Zone-Alarm, and must maintain up to date anti- virus and Trojan auspices software such as Kasperksy, Norton, or McAfee. Next, the IT department must ensure every security blot for all operating systems and applications are applied as soon as they become available. The final focus point in network security, monitoring the environment, entails the weakest link in all network security, people.Monitoring the environment is more than watching and reacting Tri-Corp must establish a proactive strategy to audit the network and discover shortsighted practices and configurations. Password rules are a primary example passwords must contain both upper and minuscule characters and one symbol. Only secure massesaging through company provided and monitored email accounts will be allowed, no instant messaging or chat rooms all emails must pass a virus scan before the recipient will be granted access to view the message.With a particular information policy in place, proper training, consistent, proactive monitoring, Tri-Corp will protect its data and avoid the mess and disruption of security leaks. Once this policy is in place, Tri-Corp will need to move on to its disaster convalescence plan. Tri-Corps needs to have a disaster convalescence plan in place, to return to normal after disaster has struck. Defining disaster means an abrupt disruption of all or part of its business operations, which may directly result in revenue loss (Cisco, 2008).To reduce disaster losses, it is imperative to have a first-rate disaster recovery plan for every business subsystem and operation within Tri-Corps walls. Backup and Disaster Recovery Every time a business encounters a disaster, the company always points to one or more causes and effects. The causes may be anticipated, or a result of human, or mechanized origin, and can range from events as miniscule as a minor hardware or software components malfunctioning to commonly recognized events such as earthquakes, fire, and flood (Cisco, 2009).These disasters may cause small interruptions or may lead to total business shutdown for days or months. Occasionally, these disasters have proven to be fatal to unprepared businesses. Forming a disaster recovery plan begins by recognizing the root cause and effect, followed by a detailed analysis of probability and severity, and ranking them in terms of their business priority. The outcome is an ex officio evaluation of threat and a disaster recovery plan that takes into account all available recovery means.In simpler terms, Tri-Corps IT staff needs to determine what types of disast ers are most likely to occur and rank them in order of probability. Afterwards, Tri-Corp must create an action plan that encompasses detailed steps to return business to a state of normalcy in the event of the given disaster. Finally, Tri-Corp must form a Disaster Recovery perpetration to assume responsibility for rehearsing, carrying out, and improving the disaster recovery plan on a continual basis. Tri-Corps disaster recovery plan must include a data backup plan in the event the companys database is compromised. The recommendation is to use IBMs Tivoli software.IBMs backup and recovery service provides companies with a backup and disaster recovery solution that includes cloud backup, remote office, unified recovery, and virtual server protection. Their Tivoli retention Manager received the 2011 CRN Channel Champions Award because of the quality, reliability, support, and scalability of their solution. Many other companies offer backup and disaster recovery solutions, however, b ased on my research IBM offers the most complete and reliable solution. IBMs backup and recovery service provides companies with a proven solution for managing their storage needs with a central backup solution.This service uses insolent data movement and smart data store technology together, these technologies complete backups and restores quickly and efficiently while still providing the client with the flexibility to change and adapt. Additionally, the IBM Tivoli suite of storage products supports more than a dozen OS platforms, along with several network connectors, and more than 500 storage devices. (Art W Meyer,2011,para. 2,4) Using these two key components will ensure Tri-Corp will complete the necessary preparation to survive disaster and avoid remote attacks.Additionally, this plan will ensure that the resources required to keep the business going are available to key personnel. The questions regarding what to do, how to do it, and the ever- present need for communication to critical data is a key component in maintaining Tri-Corps success. However, no amount of planning provides the desired effect without a thorough understanding of the organization and its intimate workings. Tri-Corp must incorporate its processes, people, and systems with precise, exacting detail to aid in a seamless transition.Following the preceding recommendations will help assure Tri-Corp does not fail because of ignorance. This recommendation will protect Tri-Corps valuable data assets and help the company to keep moving forward.References . Axia College. (2005). Networking, a Beginners Guide, Fourth Edition. Retrieved from Axia College, IT/230 website Axia College. (2005). Networking, a Beginners Guide, Fourth Edition. Retrieved from Axia College, IT/230 website Agility Recovery Solutions. (2009). Retrieved from http//blog. agilityrecovery. com/disaster-recovery? k=disaster%20recovery%20solutions&_kt=b63adcc1-e0cf-4e52-b042-bbffd8dddc96 Art W Meyer. (2011). Backup and D isaster Recovery. Retrieved from Art W Meyer, IT/230 website Backup and Recovery. (ND). Retrieved from http//www-01. ibm. com/software/tivoli/solutions/backup/ Backup & Recovery. (2011). Retrieved from http//www. sonicwall. com/us/products/Backup_Recovery. html Boda, K. (2009). Forums > Cisco Average Connection Consumes 11. 4 GB Per Month. Retrieved from http//www. dslreports. com/shownews/Cisco-Average-Connection-Consumes-114-GB-Per-Month-105086 Cisco. (2008). Disaster Recovery Best Practices. Retrieved